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广州自考管理心理学题型练习

2015-04-14 10:08 来源:广州自考网 点击:

广州自考管理心理学题型练习
论述题
试述在管理实践中运用强化理论应注意的事项。5-137
答:应以正强化方式为主。在企业中设置鼓舞人心的安全生产目标,是一种正强化方法,但 要注意将企业的整体目标和职工个人目标、最终目标和阶段目标等相结合,并对在完成个人目标或阶段目标中做出明显绩效或贡献者,给予及时的物质和精神奖励(强化物),以求充分发挥强化作用。
(1)采用负强化(尤其是惩罚)手段要慎重。负强化应用得当会促进安全生产,应用不当则 会带来一些消极影响,可能使人由于不愉快的感受而出现悲观、恐惧等心理反应,甚至发生对抗 性消极行为。因此,在运用负强化时,应尊重事实,讲究方式方法,处罚依据准确公正,这样可尽量消除其副作用。
(2)注意强化的时效性。采用强化的时间对于强化的效果有较大的影响。一般而论,强化 应及时,及时强化可提高安全行为的强化反应程度,但须注意及时强化并不意味着随时都要进行 强化。不定期的非预料的间断性强化,往往可取得更好的效果。
(3)因人制宜,采用不同的强化方式。由于人的个性特征及其需要层次不尽相同,不同的强化机制和强化物所产生的效应会因人而异。因此,在运用强化手段时,应采用有效的。强化方式,并随对象和环境的变化而相应调整。
(4)利用信息反馈增强强化的效果。信息反馈是强化人的行为的一种重要手段,尤其是在 应用安全目标进行强化时,定期反馈可使员工了解自己参加安全生产活动的绩效及其结果,既可使员工得到鼓励,增强信心,又有利于及时发现问题,分析原因,修正行为。


.联系实际说明CIS战略系统与组织文化建设的关系,阐述CIS战略系统设计导入的步骤与环节。9-240~241                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
答:(1)CIS设计是组织文化建设的重要内容:
①CIS设计制定了目标组织文化模式;
②CIS的内部实施过程是组织文化的建设过程;
③CIS的对外实施是组织文化辐射作用的体现。
(2)CIS设计与导入的步骤:
①提出CIS计划。这是导入CIS的前提,无论是谁(企业领导者、企业顾问或其它人士)提出,最终都要使得企业最高领导者对CIS有所了解并对企业内外环境有正确的认识。
②调査与分析。通过调査研究,找到企业问题的关键所在,是成功实施CIS的保证。调查内容主要是企业现状和企业形象两方面。
③确定企业理念。在分析调查结果以后,立足企业历史、现实和未来发展方向,确定企业 的目标、哲学、宗旨、精神、道德、作风等。
④行为与视觉设计。在企业理念指导下,设计相应企业行为识别要素与视觉识别要素。
⑤发布CIS。就是将已制订成熟的CIS方案向内部员工、新闻界和社会公众公开。
⑥CIS实施。如果不能坚决地贯彻实施,再好的CIS方案和计划也无济于事。在实施过 程中,关键在于企业领导者是否有坚定的信念、是否自觉从我做起。

案例分析题(本大题共1小题。共l5分)
    请在答题卡上作答。
案例:某公司招聘公关部经理,有甲、乙两人应聘。甲气质特征是安静、稳重、反应缓慢,情绪不易外露,注意力稳定难以转移。乙则直率、热情、精力旺盛,行为的外倾性明显。
根据上述案例回答:4-109
 (1)甲、乙两人各为哪种气质类型?简述这两种气质的优缺点。
答:
甲属于粘液质,该气质类型的优点是镇静踏实,缺点是反应较迟钝;乙属于胆汁质,该气质类型的优点是外向开朗、反应快、效率高,缺点是暴躁任性、自我控制力差。
(2)甲、乙两人谁更适合该岗位?您认为他若在该岗位上应如何从气质上扬长避短?
答:
乙更适合该岗位。公关经理是一个与企业形象密切相关的岗位,需要具备良好的外表,较强的关系管理能力,灵敏的新闻嗅觉和市场洞察力,所以相对而言,乙更适合该岗位。但是,因为其属于胆汁质气质类型,这种类型的人在工作中容易暴躁任性、自我控制力差,因此要发挥其特长,充分运用其外向型的性格,拓宽人脉,加强对企业正面形象的宣传,同时,需要及时监督其行为,以使其戒骄戒躁,克服性格的弱点,避免其不当行为影响正常的工作。

 

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